Psychological Effects and Associated Factors of COVID-19 in a Mexican Sample.

OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a new viral zoonosis of global concern that could cause psychological sequelae. We examined the levels of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in a Mexican sample. METHODS: An online survey was applied that collected information on demographic and financial status data, physical status, contact history, knowledge, concerns, and precautionary measures concerning COVID-19. Impact of Event Scale-Revised and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale were included. RESULTS: A total of 50.3% of respondents rated psychological distress as moderate-severe; 15.7% reported moderate-severe depressive symptoms; 22.6% reported moderate-severe anxiety symptoms; and 19.8% reported moderate-severe stress levels. Female gender, older age, divorced status, lack of confidence related to security of the test, lower satisfaction of health information concerning COVID-19, history of direct or indirect contact with a COVID-19 confirmed case, live with just 1 other person, and spent >9 h/d at home were associated with greater psychological distress and/or higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression. By contrast, precautionary measures, such as hand hygiene and wearing masks, were associated with lower levels of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 outbreak results in considerable psychological effects among the Mexican sample.

Algunas variables bioquímicas en adolescentes obesos con antecedente de bajo peso al nacer / Some biochemical variables analyzed in obese adolescents with history of low birthweight

Introducción: la malnutrición intraútero ha sido postulada con vinculación a afecciones del desarrollo embrionario que determinan el desarrollo ulterior de obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, dislipidemias, disfunción mitocondrial y aterosclerosis. Objetivo: determinar las complicaciones metabólicas en adolescentes obesos con antecedentes de bajo peso al nacer. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 50 pacientes obesos, con antecedentes de bajo peso al nacer y embarazo a término, de ambos sexos, en las edades comprendidas entre 9 y 17 años de edad, que asistieron a la consulta externa del servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Pediátrico Docente Juan Manuel Márquez, en el período comprendido de enero de 2011 a enero de 2012. Se realizaron determinaciones de colesterol, triglicéridos, aminotransferasas hepáticas, glucemia, e insulinemia en ayunas y posprandial de dos horas. Resultados: las variables bioquímicas estudiadas no mostraron diferencias entre los puntos de corte utilizados para clasificar el peso al nacer. La transaminasa glutámico pirúvica mostró valores más altos en los adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años de edad. Conclusiones: la hipertrigliceridemia fue más elevada en el sexo femenino, mientras que la hiperglucemia y la hiperinsulinemia lo fueron en el masculino(AU)

Introduction: intrauterine malnutrition has been considered as being related to embrionary development problems that determine further occurrence of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemias, mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.Objective: to determine the metabolic complications in obese adolescents with history of low birthweight.Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study of 50 obese patients of both sexes and aged 9 to 17 years and with a history of low birthweight. They had all been attended to in the outpatient endocrinology service of Juan Manuel Marquez teaching pediatric hospital from January 2011 to January 2012. Cholesterol, triglyceride, hepatic aminotransferase, glycemia and insulinemia on fasting and postprandially after 2 hours were estimated. Results: the studied biochemical variables did not show differences among the cutoffs used to classify birthweight. Piruvic gluthamic transaminase showed higher values in 15-17 years-old adolescents.Conclusions: hypertriglyceridemia was more elevated in females whereas hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were elevated in males(AU)

Algunas variables bioquímicas en adolescentes obesos con antecedente de bajo peso al nacer / Some biochemical variables analyzed in obese adolescents with history of low birthweight

Introducción: la malnutrición intraútero ha sido postulada con vinculación a afecciones del desarrollo embrionario que determinan el desarrollo ulterior de obesidad, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, dislipidemias, disfunción mitocondrial y aterosclerosis. Objetivo: determinar las complicaciones metabólicas en adolescentes obesos con antecedentes de bajo peso al nacer. Métodos: estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 50 pacientes obesos, con antecedentes de bajo peso al nacer y embarazo a término, de ambos sexos, en las edades comprendidas entre 9 y 17 años de edad, que asistieron a la consulta externa del servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital Pediátrico Docente Juan Manuel Márquez, en el período comprendido de enero de 2011 a enero de 2012. Se realizaron determinaciones de colesterol, triglicéridos, aminotransferasas hepáticas, glucemia, e insulinemia en ayunas y posprandial de dos horas. Resultados: las variables bioquímicas estudiadas no mostraron diferencias entre los puntos de corte utilizados para clasificar el peso al nacer. La transaminasa glutámico pirúvica mostró valores más altos en los adolescentes entre 15 y 17 años de edad. Conclusiones: la hipertrigliceridemia fue más elevada en el sexo femenino, mientras que la hiperglucemia y la hiperinsulinemia lo fueron en el masculino

Introduction: intrauterine malnutrition has been considered as being related to embrionary development problems that determine further occurrence of obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, dyslipidemias, mitochondrial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.Objective: to determine the metabolic complications in obese adolescents with history of low birthweight.Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study of 50 obese patients of both sexes and aged 9 to 17 years and with a history of low birthweight. They had all been attended to in the outpatient endocrinology service of Juan Manuel Marquez teaching pediatric hospital from January 2011 to January 2012. Cholesterol, triglyceride, hepatic aminotransferase, glycemia and insulinemia on fasting and postprandially after 2 hours were estimated. Results: the studied biochemical variables did not show differences among the cutoffs used to classify birthweight. Piruvic gluthamic transaminase showed higher values in 15-17 years-old adolescents.Conclusions: hypertriglyceridemia was more elevated in females whereas hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were elevated in males

Hígado graso no alcohólico como señal de aterosclerosis / Non-alcoholic fatty liver as a sign of atherosclerosis

Los pacientes con Hígado Graso No Alcohólico (HGNA), presentan un incremento en la mortalidad por enfermedad coronaria aterosclerótica, siendo la misma, la segunda causa más frecuente de muerte en los pacientes con HGNA. En general, el Engrosamiento de la Íntima Media Carotídea (EIMC), el cual constituye una evidencia de aterosclerosis subclínica, es mayor en los pacientes con HGNA que en las personas sanas. Los individuos con HGNA están en riesgo de aterosclerosis carotídea, independientemente de la presencia del Síndrome Metabólico y de factores clásicos de riesgo coronario aterosclerótico, por lo tanto la detección del HGNA, nos debe alertar de la existencia del incremento del riesgo de enfermedad aterosclerótica(AU)

Patients with non alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) present an increase in mortality duo to atherosclerotic coronary disease, being this, the second most common cause of death in patients with (NAFLD). In general, the intima-media thickening, which constitutes an evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis, is higher in patients with NAFLD than in healthy people. The individuals with NAFLD are at risk of suffering from carotid atherosclerosis independently of both the presence of Metabolic Syndrome and classical factors of atherosclerotic coronary risk. That's why the detection of NAFLD should alert us to the existence of an increase in the risk of suffering from atherosclerotic disease(AU)

Hígado graso no alcohólico como señal de aterosclerosis / Non-alcoholic fatty liver as a sign of atherosclerosis

Los pacientes con Hígado Graso No Alcohólico (HGNA), presentan un incremento en la mortalidad por enfermedad coronaria aterosclerótica, siendo la misma, la segunda causa más frecuente de muerte en los pacientes con HGNA. En general, el Engrosamiento de la Íntima Media Carotídea (EIMC), el cual constituye una evidencia de aterosclerosis subclínica, es mayor en los pacientes con HGNA que en las personas sanas. Los individuos con HGNA están en riesgo de aterosclerosis carotídea, independientemente de la presencia del Síndrome Metabólico y de factores clásicos de riesgo coronario aterosclerótico, por lo tanto la detección del HGNA, nos debe alertar de la existencia del incremento del riesgo de enfermedad aterosclerótica

Patients with non alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) present an increase in mortality duo to atherosclerotic coronary disease, being this, the second most common cause of death in patients with (NAFLD). In general, the intima-media thickening, which constitutes an evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis, is higher in patients with NAFLD than in healthy people. The individuals with NAFLD are at risk of suffering from carotid atherosclerosis independently of both the presence of Metabolic Syndrome and classical factors of atherosclerotic coronary risk. That's why the detection of NAFLD should alert us to the existence of an increase in the risk of suffering from atherosclerotic disease